Trends in cancer incidence by socioeconomic deprivation in Germany in 2007 to 2018: An ecological registry-based study

Age-standardized cancer incidence has decreased over the last years for many cancer sites in developed countries. Whether these trends led to narrowing or widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence is unknown. Using cancer registry data covering 48 million inhabitants in Germany, the ecological association between age-standardized total and site specific (colorectal, lung, prostate and breast) cancer incidence in 2007 to 2018 and a deprivation index on district level (aggregated to quintiles) was investigated. Incidence in the most and least deprived districts were compared using Poisson models. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and differences in AAPCs between deprivation quintiles were assessed using Joinpoint regression analyses. Age-standardized incidence decreased strongly between 2007 and 2018 for total cancer and all cancer sites (except female lung cancer), irrespective of the level of deprivation. However, differences in the magnitude of trends across deprivation quintiles resulted in increasing inequalities over time for total cancer, colorectal and lung cancer. For total cancer, the incidence rate ratio between the most and least deprived quintile increased from 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.12) to 1.23 (1.12-1.32) in men and from 1.07 (1.01-1.13) to 1.20 (1.14-1.26) in women. Largest inequalities were observed for lung cancer with 82% (men) and 88% (women) higher incidence in the most vs the least deprived regions in 2018. The observed increase in inequalities in cancer incidence is in alignment with trends in inequalities in risk factor prevalence and partly utilization of screening. Intervention programs targeted at socioeconomically deprived and urban regions are highly needed.     

超高CD34+采集的动员方案序贯二次自体造血干细胞移植治疗难治性 霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的:探讨超高CD34+采集的动员方案后序贯二次自体造血干细胞移植治疗难治性霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效和安全性。方法:对1例经过多疗程一线、二线、新药、免疫等均难治的霍奇金淋巴瘤患者，予以IA+C方案化疗+G-CSF动员干细胞后采集出超高水平CD34+细胞，之后行自体造血干细胞移植，移植后获得完全缓解，再予序贯第二次自体造血干细胞移植进行巩固治疗。结果:总计输注单个核细胞数13.67×108/kg，CD34+细胞48.68×106/kg，第一次自体造血干细胞移植术后第7天造血功能恢复，复查全身PET-CT提示获得完全缓解，第二次自体造血干细胞移植术后第8天造血功能恢复，两次自体造血干细胞移植相关并发症均在可控范围内。结论:超高CD34+细胞采集的IA+C方案化疗+G-CSF动员可以让患者有机会进行多次自体造血干细胞移植，是临床动员的创新方案。对于难治性霍奇金淋巴瘤，序贯二次自体造血干细胞移植可达到更深层次缓解，且安全性较高，延长患者无疾病生存期及总生存期，为难治性霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗提供更多临床依据。     

The effects and acceptability of different exercise modes on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

Introduction:Exercise has been believed to have positive effects on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, few medical evidences have been found to ascertain which type of exercise has the best effect on blood glucose control in diabetes and which type of exercise is more acceptable. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects and acceptability of different exercise modes on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients by using systematic review and network meta-analysis.Methods and analysis:Relevant randomized controlled trial studies will be searched from PubMed, EMbase, CochraneCENTRAL, CNKI, VIP, and Chinese medical paper libraries. Primary outcome indicators: glycosylated hemoglobin and dropout rate of the research (number of dropouts/numbers of initially enrolled subjects). Secondary outcome measures: fasting blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), diastolic pressure, systolic pressure (SBP). Two reviewers are arranged to screen Title, Abstract, and then review full text to further extract data. Standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of the data are performed afterward. Methodological quality assessment is planned to be conducted using Cochrane risk of bias tool. The outcome will be analyzed statistically according to Bayesian analysis methods. After that, subgroup analysis is conducted on the duration of intervention, whether there is supervision of intervention, frequency of intervention per week, age, gender, and medication use.Trial registration number:PROSPERO CRD42020175181Discussion:The systematic review and network meta-analysis include evidence of the impact of different exercise modes on blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are 2 innovative points in this study. One is to conduct a classified study on exercise in as much detail as possible, and the other is to study the acceptability of different exercise modes. The network meta-analysis will reduce the uncertainty of intervention and enable clinicians, sports practitioners, and patients to choose more effective and suitable exercise methods.Ethics and dissemination:The findings of the study will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences and symposia. Further, no ethical approval is required in this study.     

滋阴益肾法治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效及对患者血清IL-4、IL-6和免疫功能的影响

目的: 探讨滋阴益肾法治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的疗效及对血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取ITP患者84例,随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组采用口服泼尼松片治疗,观察组在对照组用药基础上给予滋阴益肾法治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺)及免疫球蛋白水平变化情况。结果:两组治疗后中医症候积分明显降低,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率95.24%高于对照组78.57%(P<0.05); 两组治疗后PLT计数均明显升高、PAIgG表达水平降低,观察组更明显(P<0.05); 两组治疗前IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 治疗后CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺均升高,IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、CD₈⁺均降低(P<0.05); 观察组治疗后CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺均高于对照组,IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、CD₈⁺均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组的血清IgA和IgG水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而血清IgM水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应情况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论: 滋阴益肾法可显著降低ITP患者血清IL-4、IL-6等因子水平,提高患者免疫能力。     

基于国家专利的中药复方治疗化学性肝损伤用药规律研究

目的分析国家专利治疗化学性肝损伤的组方用药规律,为新药研发及相关专利的申请提供参考。方法以国家知识产权局中国专利公布公告网站收录的授权专利为资料来源,使用Microsoft Excel 2018建立数据库,对中药频次与分类进行统计分析;采用SPSS Statistic 21.0和SPSS Modeler 15.0对高频中药(频次≥10)进行性味归经分析、系统聚类分析、关联度与网络分析。结果纳入专利100项,涉及中药186味,以葛根最为常见;高频中药15味,药味以甘为主,药性以温、平为主,多归脾、肝经;聚类分析得到7组中药组合;二项、三项和四项关联规则分别为6、24、2项,各项组合分别为6、16、2项;核心药物为葛根、五味子、丹参、甘草、山楂、枸杞子、黄芪、柴胡、姜黄和枳椇子。结论中药复方治疗化学性肝损伤常用补虚、解表、化瘀、活血、渗湿及利水药;临证多采用疏肝理气之剂,适当伍以柔润之品。     

1470 nm激光在解剖性切除非肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的临床应用

目的探讨1470 nm激光在解剖性切除非肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月于本院泌尿外科行1470 nm激光解剖性切除浅表性膀胱肿瘤患者60例的临床资料,所有患者均通过膀胱镜检查和CT或MRI检查,术前诊断为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌。分析1470 nm激光在解剖性切除非肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的应用效果。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开放手术,并且术中无并发症,手术时间为10~30 min,平均(15.3±4.9)min,术后冲洗液无色或淡粉色,未见血块,术后1周拔除导尿管。结论1470 nm激光应用于解剖性切除浅表性膀胱肿瘤中效果显著,具有无瘤原则,利于肿瘤分期,可减少闭孔反射。     

Survival of malignant mesothelioma and other rare thoracic cancers in Germany and the United States: A population-based study

Evidence on survival of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and other rare thoracic cancers is limited due to the rarity of these cancer sites. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of MM incidence and survival after MM and other rare thoracic cancers in Germany and the United States (US). Incidence was estimated from a German National Cancer Database and from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 database for 2000–2014. Patients diagnosed in 1997–2013 with malignant epithelial tumors of the trachea (Etra), epithelial tumors of the thymus (Ethy) and MM were extracted from a German cancer survival database and from the SEER 13 database. Period analysis was employed to compute 5-year relative survival (RS). During 2000–2014, an annual average of 0.9 and 0.6 MM cases per 100,000 person-years was diagnosed in Germany and the US. Rates decreased in Germany and in the US. Patients with Ethy had highest 5-year RS with US patients surviving longer (69.1% compared to 63.7%, p = 0.02). Survival after Etra was comparable in both countries (Germany 33.6%, US 34.4%, p = 0.07). Survival in MM patients was poor overall (Germany 11.8%, US 12.1%, p < 0.01). Survival improvements were only observed in MM patients in Germany (10.8% [2002–2007] vs. 13.0% [2008–2013], p < 0.01). The lack of progress in survival for Etra and Ethy patients underlines the need of novel preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. MM incidence significantly decreased in Germany and in the US. Further monitoring of MM incidence is warranted given that a peak in incidence is expected in 2020–2030 in Western countries.